Fitar da 5G na Amurka: Me yasa Tsoron Tsayar da Jiragen Sama Ya Gushe

Fitowar sabon sabis ɗin mara waya ta 5G a Amurka ya kasa samun babban sakamako mai ban tsoro na gurgunta zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, duk da cewa ya fara a cikin yanayi mai ban tsoro, tare da kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa sun soke wasu jirage zuwa Amurka da kuma matsalolin da ba a iya gani ba a cikin jiragen cikin gida.

Jami'an masana'antar jiragen sama sun ce shawarar da AT&T da Verizon suka yi - karkashin matsin lamba daga Fadar White House - na jinkirta kunna hasumiya ta 5G kusa da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama da yawa ya dakile lamarin.

Jinkirin yana baiwa Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ƙarin lokaci don share ƙarin jirage don aiki cikin walwala a kusa da hanyoyin sadarwar 5G. A ranar Alhamis din da ta gabata, hukumar ta FAA ta ce ta ba da wasu sabbin izini da za su ba da damar yin kiyasin kashi 78 cikin XNUMX na jiragen saman Amurka su yi saukar jiragen sama ko da a karkashin yanayin rashin gani a filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama inda aka kunna sabon sabis na mara waya da sauri.

Wannan har yanzu yana barin kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na rundunar na cikin haɗari don hana su sauka a wasu filayen jirgin sama a lokacin rashin kyawun yanayi, amma wannan ɓangaren na iya raguwa. Shugabannin Amurka da na United sun ce ba sa tsammanin wani gagarumin cikas ga tashin jirage.

Ga takaitaccen bayanin abin da ya faru.

Menene damuwar duka?

Kamfanonin wayar salula sun fara fitar da sabis na 5G na gaba na ƴan shekaru, kuma wannan sabon yanki nasa, abin da ake kira C-Band, yana taimakawa wajen sa AT&T da Verizon su zama masu gasa tare da T-Mobile. Yana yin alƙawarin sauri da kwanciyar hankali cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya. Amma 5G har yanzu mafi yawa alƙawarin da ƙasa da ainihin aikace-aikace. A yanzu, yana ba ku damar zazzage fim ɗin da sauri. Amma masana'antar sadarwa suna kallon ta a matsayin mai mahimmanci ga motoci masu cin gashin kansu, masana'antu na zamani, birane masu wayo, kiwon lafiya da sauran fannonin da za su dogara da sararin samaniya na na'urori masu haɗin Intanet.

Damuwar ta zo ne daga gaskiyar cewa wannan sabon ɗan ƙaramin 5G yana aiki ne a wani ɓangare na bakan rediyon da ke kusa da kewayon kayan aikin jirgin da ake kira radio altimeters, wanda ke auna yadda manyan jirage ke sama da ƙasa.

An bayyana batun a cikin rahoton 2020 na RTCA, ƙungiyar bincike ta jiragen sama, wanda ya haifar da matukan jirgi da kamfanonin jiragen sama don ƙara ƙararrawa game da yiwuwar kutse ta rediyo wanda zai iya yin haɗari ga aminci. Masana'antar sadarwa, karkashin jagorancin kungiyar kasuwanci CTIA, sun yi sabani da rahoton 2020 kuma sun ce 5G ba shi da hadari ga zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.

Me yasa kamfanonin jiragen sama suka soke wasu jirage zuwa mu a wannan makon?

Kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa sun soke wasu jiragen da aka shirya yin aiki a daidai lokacin da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa ke tafiya kai tsaye. Suna tsoron ba za su iya sauka a wuraren da za su nufa ba a ƙarƙashin takunkumin da ya shafi 5G da FAA ta sanya.

Jiragen sama nawa?

Kamfanonin jiragen sama sun soke tashi sama da 350 ranar Laraba, a cewar FlightAware. Wannan yana kama da yawa, amma kashi 2 ne kawai na duk jiragen da aka tsara - kuma da alama yawancinsu sun goge saboda wasu dalilai. Dangane da mahallin, an sami soke kusan sau 10 da yawa a ranar 3 ga Janairu, lokacin da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke kokawa da yanayin hunturu da ɗimbin ma'aikata da ke kiran marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19.

An warware matsalar?

A'a, kodayake FAA ta ce tana samun ci gaba ta hanyar tantance cewa ƙarin altimeters suna da isasshen kariya daga tsangwama daga siginar 5G C-Band. Ba za a taɓa amincewa da jirage masu wasu mita masu tsayi ba, wanda ke nufin masu aiki za su iya shigar da sabbin kayan aiki don sauka a duk filayen jirgin sama.

Shin wannan matsala ce a Amurka kawai?

Ga mafi yawancin, i. FAA ta ce akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa 5G C-Band rollout ya kasance mafi ƙalubale ga kamfanonin jiragen sama a Amurka fiye da sauran ƙasashe: Hasumiyar salula na amfani da ƙarfin sigina fiye da na sauran wurare; hanyar sadarwar 5G tana aiki akan mitoci kusa da wanda yawancin altimeters ke amfani da shi, kuma eriya ta hasumiya ta tantanin halitta tana nunawa sama a kusurwa mafi girma. CTIA ta musanta ikirarin FAA.

A Faransa, hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G kusa da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama dole ne su yi aiki da ƙarancin wutar lantarki don rage haɗarin kutse da jirage.

An gama fitar da 5G?

A'a. Verizon da AT&T sun kunna kusan kashi 90 na hasumiya na 5G C-Band a wannan makon amma sun amince kada su kunna waɗanda ke cikin radius na mil 2 na filayen jirgin sama da yawa. Kamfanonin har yanzu suna son kunna waɗancan hasumiya, amma ƙila ba za a sami yarjejeniya ba har sai FAA ta gamsu cewa wani yanki mai ɗimbin yawa na jiragen sama na iya aiki cikin aminci a kusa da siginar.

Wadanne kamfanoni ne ke da hannu a lamarin?

Bayan manyan kamfanonin sadarwa guda biyu, jerin sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama Boeing da Airbus da masu kwangilar altimeter Collins, Honeywell, da Thales. Sai kuma kamfanonin jiragen sama, wadanda tsananin gargadin da suka yi a wannan makon na soke zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya kara matsin lamba ga kamfanonin sadarwa da su jinkirta kunna irin wannan nau'in sabis na 5G a kusa da tashoshin jiragen sama.

A bangaren wa gwamnati take?

Dukansu.

Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya, wacce ta gudanar da gwanjon dalar Amurka biliyan 80 (kimanin Rs. 5,95,790 crore) wanda ya ba da kyautar C-Band spectrum ga Verizon da AT&T, ta ce akwai isassun buffer tsakanin wannan yanki na 5G da madaidaitan jirage don aminci. Amma FAA da Sakataren Sufuri Pete Buttigieg sun dauki bangaren kamfanonin jiragen sama a cikin takaddamar. Sun roki kamfanonin sadarwa da su jinkirta aikin su a kusa da tashoshin jiragen sama.

Wasu ƙwararrun sun ce rashin haɗin kai da haɗin kai a tsakanin hukumomin tarayya biyu ne ke da laifi kamar yadda duk wata matsala ta fasaha.

Me ya sa ya zo cikin rikici?

Bai kamata hakan ya faru ba. FAA da kamfanonin jiragen sama suna da sanarwa da yawa cewa C-Band na zuwa - an yi magana game da shi tsawon shekaru. Sun ce sun yi kokarin bayyana damuwarsu amma FCC ta yi watsi da su.

Shugaban Kamfanin Jiragen Saman Amurka Doug Parker ya nuna cewa ya yi farin ciki da kudurin amma ba yadda aka yi ba.

"Ba lokaci ne mafi kyawun mu ba, ina tsammanin, a matsayin kasa," in ji shi.