Magungunan ciwon daji sun dogara ne akan adadin bayanai masu tada hankali: Anan ga yadda ake jerawa cikin gajimare

Masu fama da cutar daji da likitocin su suna da ƙarin bayani game da cutar da maganinta fiye da kowane lokaci, kuma bayanan da ake samu na ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. Duk waɗannan bayanan, duk da haka, ba su da amfani idan mutane ba za su iya fahimtar su duka ba. 

Yi tunani game da majinyacin ciwon huhu, alal misali, wanda zai iya samun ganewar asali ta farko ta hanyar shirin nunawa wanda ke samar da hoton hoto (CT). Yayin da tsarin binciken su da tsarin jiyya ya ci gaba, masu kula da su za su kawo bayanan bayanai kamar MR da zane-zane na kwayoyin halitta, bayanan ilimin cututtuka - wanda aka ƙara digitized - da bayanan genomics. 

"Duk wannan, a gaskiya, ƙalubale ne mai wuyar gaske ga ƙungiyoyin kulawa da kansu yayin da suke tunanin yadda za a kula da su da kuma kula da waɗannan marasa lafiya," in ji Louis Culot, GM na ilimin genomics da ilimin cututtuka na oncology a Philips, ya ce a lokacin Amazon. Taron kama-da-wane na Sabis na Yanar Gizo don masana'antar lafiya. 

"A cikin ilimin likitanci a yanzu, ko kuma a cikin kowane horo na likita, wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda maganin yana da mahimmanci, batun shiga tsakani," in ji Culot. "Ba kawai muna son bayanai don dalilai ba. Wane mataki ne membobin ƙungiyar za su iya ɗauka dangane da bayanai? ”

Don samun ingantacciyar riko da duk waɗannan bayanan, masu ƙirƙira sun juya zuwa kayan aiki kamar lissafin girgije da koyon injin - tare da yuwuwar sakamako mai ceton rai. A taron AWS na wannan makon, Culot ya bi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Philips tare da Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta MD Anderson a Jami'ar Texas, wanda ke da nufin taimakawa likitoci su tattara duk bayanan su don ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren kulawa na musamman ga marasa lafiya. 

Satnam Alag, SVP na injiniyan software a Grail, ya bayyana yadda kamfaninsa ke amfani da gajimare da koyo na na'ura don haɓaka tsarin da zai iya tantance marasa lafiya da dama na nau'ikan ciwon daji a lokaci ɗaya, maimakon ɗaya bayan ɗaya. 

Yana da wuya a wuce gona da iri na ingantattun gwaje-gwajen cutar kansa da jiyya. A cikin 2020, an sami fiye da miliyan 19 masu kamuwa da cutar kansa a duniya, in ji Alag, kuma kusan mutuwar miliyan 10. An yi kiyasin cewa daya daga cikin maza uku da mace daya cikin hudu na iya kamuwa da cutar kansa a tsawon rayuwarsu.

“Ni ko wani dangi za a kamu da cutar kansa? Ina yake a jikina? Za a iya warkewa? Ko kuwa zai kashe ni? Waɗannan tambayoyin gama-gari ne waɗanda yawancin mu ke rabawa, ”in ji Alag. 

Alhamdu lillahi, yayin da muke tattara ƙarin bayanan bayanai don nazarin cutar kansa, masana kimiyya kuma suna haɓaka sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya a cikin shirin gaggawa. Ci gaban bayanan kwayoyin halitta ya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su gano nau'o'i daban-daban da nau'o'in ciwon daji, tare da magunguna daban-daban. A cikin 2009, FDA ta Amurka ta amince da magungunan rigakafin cutar kansa guda takwas, in ji Culot. A shekarar 2020, adadin ya karu zuwa 57. A kan haka, a halin yanzu akwai kimanin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti 1,500 da aka bude wa masu ciwon daji. 

"Gaba ɗaya, a yanzu akwai ɗaruruwan yiwuwar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko haɗin gwiwar jiyya, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don magance cutar kansa," in ji Culot. “Don haka muna da wannan kalubale biyu, ko? Ta yaya za mu tattara duk waɗannan bayanan don samun kyakkyawan hoto na majiyyaci? Sannan tare da wannan ra'ayi, menene ma'anarsa duka ta fuskar mafi kyawun magani?"

Don magance matsalar, likitoci a MD Anderson sun haɗu da tsarin yanke shawara game da tallafin da ake buƙata kamar su sababbin magunguna, da kuma masu haƙuri ga masu haƙuri. . Wannan yana taimaka musu haɓaka tsare-tsaren jiyya na keɓaɓɓen.

A cikin 2020, MD Anderson ya haɗu tare da Philips da AWS don samar da tsarin ga likitoci da masu aiki a duk faɗin duniya. 

Tsarin zai iya kasancewa kawai a cikin gajimare, in ji Culot, saboda dalilai da yawa. Akwai adadi mai yawa na bayanai don adanawa da kuma sarrafa bayanai masu yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar faruwa. A lokaci guda, tsarin yana buƙatar ya zama amintaccen tsarin masu haya da yawa don masu aiki a duk faɗin duniya. 

Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, gajimare yana ba da damar da gaske tsare-tsaren jiyya na musamman, Culot ya lura, ta hanyar ƙyale likitocin su haɗa kai da haɗa bayanan su. 

"Mutane suna magana game da ciwon daji a matsayin babban matsalar bayanai, amma kuma abin da na kira karamar matsala," in ji Culot. Ya ba da misalin wani majinyacin kansar huhu wanda ya san yana da kansar huhu na Stage 4 tare da takamaiman maye gurbi. 

"Kuna tashi sama da sake fasalin waɗannan al'umma don haka hatta manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya wani lokaci suna da ƴan marasa lafiya waɗanda suka cika ka'idojin da muke ƙoƙarin koya daga gare su," in ji shi. "Don samun damar haɗa bayanai - ba a gane su ba, ta hanyar da ta dace - don haka za mu iya koyo daga gare ta, an kunna ta ta waɗannan abubuwan da ke tushen girgije."

Hakazalika, Satnam Alag na Grail ya ce girgijen ya zama wajibi ga ci gaban Galleri, gwajin gano cutar daji da yawa na kamfanin. An tsara gwajin don gano nau'ikan ciwon daji fiye da 50 a matsayin madaidaicin gwajin gwajin cutar kansa guda ɗaya.

"Yin amfani da ikon ilimin genomics da na'ura koyo yana buƙatar ƙididdiga da yawa," in ji Alag. "Dole ne a tattara bayanai masu yawa da ƙima." 

Daga zana jini guda ɗaya, gwajin Galleri yana amfani da jerin DNA da algorithms na koyon injin don tantance guntun DNA a cikin jinin majiyyaci. Gwajin ya duba musamman ga sinadarin nucleic acid (cfDNA) wanda babu tantanin halitta da ciwace-ciwacen da ke zubarwa a cikin jini, wanda zai iya gaya muku irin ciwon daji a cikin jiki da kuma inda yake fitowa. 

"Maimakon kawai yin gwajin cutar kansa, muna buƙatar tantance mutane don ciwon daji," in ji Alag. "Kuma wannan yana yiwuwa a yanzu godiya ga manyan juyin juya halin fasaha guda biyu da suka faru a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Na farko, ikon genomics - yanzu yana yiwuwa a jera cikakken DNA… samar da terabytes na farashi mai inganci cikin 'yan kwanaki. Na biyu, shine babban adadin ƙirƙira a cikin koyon inji. Yanzu muna da ilimin yadda za mu iya gina sarƙaƙƙiya, ƙirar koyo mai zurfi tare da dubun-dubatar miliyon.”