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Masana kimiyya sun yi nasarar gano alamun rayuwa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi tsanani a duniya, suna ba da ƙarin bege cewa ana iya samun rayuwa a wasu wuraren da ba a sani ba na sararin samaniya. A cikin zurfin tekun Arctic na Kanada, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar gano alamun rayuwa a cikin ƙarancin iskar oxygen, ruwa mai gishiri na Lost Hammer Spring. Ruwa a cikin bazara yana tashi ta hanyar 1,970 ft na permafrost a ɗayan wurare mafi sanyi a duniya. Binciken ya sa mutane da yawa fatan cewa rayuwa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (idan akwai), ana iya samun su a cikin wurare masu kama da ƙanƙara na watanni Europa da Enceladus.

"An ɗauki shekaru biyu muna aiki tare da laka kafin mu sami nasarar gano al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Rashin gishirin mahalli yana tsoma baki tare da hakowa da tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka lokacin da muka sami damar samun shaidar al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwarewa ce mai gamsarwa, " ya ce Jagorar masanin ilimin halittu Elisse Magnuson na Jami'ar McGill, Kanada.

Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ƙungiyar ta samo gaba ɗaya sababbi ne tare da wasu takamaiman gyare-gyare waɗanda ke ba su damar wanzuwa da girma a cikin matsanancin yanayi kamar Rasa Hammer Spring. Mafi mahimmanci, waɗannan microbes sune chemolithotrophic. Wadannan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta, wadanda sunansu a zahiri yana nufin 'masu cin dutse', suna samar da makamashi ta hanyar iskar oxygenation na kwayoyin inorganic. Chemolithotropes na iya rayuwa tare da ko ba tare da oxygen ba.

"Kwayoyin halitta da muka samo kuma muka kwatanta a Lost Hammer Spring suna da ban mamaki, domin, ba kamar sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, ba su dogara ga kwayoyin halitta ko oxygen su rayu ba," in ji masanin ilimin halitta Lyle Whyte.

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya rayuwa ta hanyar ci da numfashi masu sauƙi na mahaɗan inorganic kamar su methane, sulfides, sulfate, carbon monoxide da carbon dioxide, duk ana samun su a duniyar Mars.

Whyte, farfesa na Polar Microbiology a jami'ar McGill ta Kanada, ya ce, "Suna kuma iya gyara iskar carbon dioxide da iskar nitrogen daga sararin samaniya, duk abin da ke sa su dace sosai don tsira da bunƙasa a cikin matsanancin yanayi a duniya da kuma bayan."

Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa ƙanƙarar da ke kan ƙwanƙolin polar Martian ta samo asali ne daga ruwan hypersaline kuma a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara na Europa, wata na 6 mafi girma na Jupiter, da Enceladus, wata na 6 mafi girma na Saturn, teku ne na ruwa na hypersaline. Waɗannan mahalli na iya ɗaukar bakuncin irin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka dace da yanayin.