Masu Bincike na Amurka Suna Gwajin Dashen Alade-zuwa Mutum a Jikin da aka Ba da gudummawa

Masu bincike a ranar Alhamis sun ba da rahoton na baya-bayan nan a cikin jerin gwaje-gwaje masu ban mamaki a kokarin ceton rayukan mutane da sassan jikin alade da aka gyara.

A wannan karon, likitocin fida a Alabama sun dasa kodar alade zuwa wani mutum mai kwakwalwa da ya mutu - wani mataki-mataki-mataki-mataki don aikin tiyata da suke fatan gwadawa ga marasa lafiya masu rai watakila daga baya a wannan shekara.

"Rashin gabobi a haƙiƙa rikici ne da ba a warware ba kuma ba mu taɓa samun mafita ta hakika ba," in ji Dokta Jayme Locke na Jami'ar Alabama a Birmingham, wanda ya jagoranci sabon binciken kuma yana da niyyar fara gwajin lafiyar alade. dashen koda.

Irin wannan gwaje-gwajen dai sun yi ta yawo a kanun labarai a ‘yan watannin nan yayin da bincike kan dashen dabbobi zuwa mutum ya yi zafi.

Sau biyu a wannan faɗuwar, likitocin fiɗa a Jami'ar New York sun ɗan ɗanɗana koda alade zuwa magudanar jini a wajen jikin wanda ya mutu don kallon yadda suke aiki. Kuma a farkon wannan watan, likitocin fiɗa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Maryland sun ba wa wani mutum da ke mutuwa zuciya daga wani alade da aka yi masa gyara wanda har ya zuwa yanzu yana ci gaba da raye.

Amma har yanzu masana kimiyya suna buƙatar ƙarin koyo game da yadda za a gwada irin wannan dashe ba tare da yin haɗari ga rayuwar majiyyaci ba. Tare da taimakon wani iyali da suka ba da gudummawar jikin wanda suke ƙauna don kimiyya, Locke ya kwaikwayi yadda ake yin dashen sassan jikin ɗan adam - daga cire kodar “mai bayarwa” alade zuwa ɗinke su a cikin cikin mamacin.

Sama da kwanaki uku kadan, har sai da aka cire gawar mutumin daga tallafin rayuwa, kodan alade biyu sun tsira ba tare da wata alamar kin amincewa da ita nan take ba, in ji tawagarta a ranar Alhamis a cikin Mujallar Amurka ta Transplantation.

Wannan ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin mahimman binciken. Locke ya ce ba a fayyace ba idan tasoshin jinin koda na alade masu laushi za su iya jure bugun karfin jinin dan adam - amma sun yi hakan. Koda daya ta lalace yayin cirewa daga alade kuma baya aiki yadda yakamata amma ɗayan cikin sauri ya fara fitar da fitsari kamar yadda yakamata. Babu ƙwayoyin cuta na alade da aka yada zuwa ga mai karɓa, kuma ba a sami ƙwayoyin alade a cikin jininsa ba.

Amma Locke ya ce gwajin koda zai iya yin tasiri mai nisa - saboda yana nuna cewa jikin da ya mutu a kwakwalwa zai iya zama samfurin ɗan adam da ake buƙata don gwada yuwuwar sabbin jiyya.

An gudanar da binciken ne a watan Satumba bayan da aka ayyana Jim Parsons, dan shekara 57 a Alabama, a matsayin mutun kwakwalwa sakamakon hatsarin tseren keke.

Bayan jin irin wannan bincike "yana da yuwuwar ceton dubban daruruwan rayuka, mun sani ba tare da wata shakka ba cewa wannan wani abu ne da Jim kadan zai amince da shi," in ji Julie O'Hara, tsohuwar Parsons. mata.

Bukatar wani tushen gabobin yana da girma: Yayin da aka yi dashen fiye da 41,000 a Amurka a bara, rikodin, fiye da mutane 100,000 sun kasance a cikin jerin jirage na ƙasa. Dubban mutane ne ke mutuwa a kowace shekara kafin samun gabobin jiki kuma wasu dubbai ba su taba samun shiga cikin jerin sunayen ba, wanda aka yi la’akari da shi na dogon lokaci.

Dashen dabba zuwa mutum, abin da ake kira xenotransplantation, an yi ƙoƙari ba tare da nasara ba shekaru da yawa. Tsarin garkuwar jikin mutane kusan nan take ya kai hari ga nama na waje. Amma masana kimiyya yanzu suna da sabbin dabaru don gyara kwayoyin alade don haka sassan jikinsu sun fi kama mutum - kuma wasu suna kokawa don sake gwadawa.

Gwajin gwajin alade na baya-bayan nan "babban ci gaba ne," in ji Dokta David Kaczorowski na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Pittsburgh. Ci gaba da gwaji na matakin farko a cikin mutane da dama na iya zama "yana ƙara zama mai yiwuwa."

Wani likitan dashen zuciya, Kaczorowski ya yi gwaje-gwajen gwajin gabobin alade a cikin halittun da ba na mutum ba wanda ya taimaka wajen shimfida hanya amma "akwai abubuwan da za mu iya koya ta hanyar dasa su cikin mutane."

Matsalolin sun kasance kafin a fara gwaji na yau da kullun a cikin mutane, gami da yanke shawarar wanda zai cancanci gwada sashin alade, in ji Karen Maschke, masanin bincike a Cibiyar Hastings wanda zai taimaka haɓaka ɗabi'a da shawarwarin manufofin don gwajin asibiti na farko a ƙarƙashin tallafi daga Nationalasa. Cibiyoyin Lafiya.

Har ila yau, masana kimiyya suna da abubuwa da yawa da za su koya game da tsawon lokacin da sassan alade ke rayuwa da kuma yadda za a iya canza su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, in ji Dokta Robert Montgomery na Lafiya na NYU Langone, wanda ya jagoranci gwajin koda na cibiyar a cikin fall.

"Ina tsammanin gabobin daban-daban zasu buƙaci gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta daban-daban," in ji shi a cikin imel.

Don sabuwar gwajin koda, UAB ta haɗu tare da Revivicor, reshen United Therapeutics wanda kuma ya ba da gabobin don dashen zuciya na kwanan nan a Maryland da gwajin koda a New York. Masana kimiyyar kamfanin sun yi sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta guda 10 ga wadannan aladu, inda suka fitar da wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da harin garkuwar jikin dan Adam da sanya sassan jikin dabbobi girma da yawa - da kuma kara wasu kwayoyin halittar dan Adam ta yadda gabobin suka yi kasa da wani waje ga tsarin garkuwar jikin mutum.

Sannan akwai tambayoyi masu amfani kamar yadda za a rage lokacin da ake kashewa don samun gabobin alade zuwa inda suke. UAB ta ajiye aladun da aka canza a cikin wurin da ba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta ba a Birmingham cikakke tare da sarari mai kama da ɗaki don cire gabobin kuma a shirya su don dasawa.

Babban jami'in kimiyya na Revivicor David Ayares ya ce tsare-tsaren da za a yi a nan gaba sun hada da kara gina irin wadannan wurare kusa da cibiyoyin dashen.