A new text-generating language model, combining Google’s own PaLM model and a technique known as Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback to create an open source tool that, in theory, can do anything OpenAI's ChatGPT can.
For most, however, this will remain a theory. Unlike ChatGPT, AI developer Philip Wang’s PaLM + RLHF (opens in new tab) doesn’t come trained on any text data required for the model to learn from. Users must compile their own data corpuses and use their own hardware to train the model and process requests.
Text generation models that respond to human inputs, like ChatGPT and PaLM + RLHF, are the latest craze in artificial intelligence. Simply put, they predict the appropriate words after learning semantic patterns from an existing data set, which could consist of anything from ebooks to internet flame wars.
Creating accessible artificial intelligence
Despite PaLM + RLHF arriving pre-trained, the Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback technique is designed to produce a more intuitive user experience.
As explained by TechCrunch (opens in new tab), RLHF trains a language model by producing a wide range of responses to a human prompt, which are then ranked by human volunteers. Those rankings are then used to train a “reward model”, which sorts the responses by order of preference.
This is not a cheap process, which will prevent all but the wealthiest of AI enthusiasts from training the model. PaLM has 540 billion components of the language model (or parameters) that must be trained on data, and a 2020 study (opens in new tab) revealed that training only a 1.6 billion parameter model would cost anywhere from $80,000 to $1.6 million.
Right now, it seems as though we’re relying on a wealthy benefactor to get involved and train and release the model to the public. Such reliances have not ended well before (opens in new tab), but there are existing efforts by other companies looking to replicate ChatGPT’s capabilities and release them as free software.
Research groups CarperAI and EleutherAI are partnering with the startups Scale AI and Hugging Face to release the first language model trained with human feedback that’s ready to run out of the box.
And, although it’s not quite ready yet, LAION, the company that supplied the training data set for “machine learning, text-to-image” model Stable Diffusion (opens in new tab), have created a similar project on GitHub (opens in new tab) that wants to supercede OpenAI by allowing it to use APIs, compile its own research, and allow for user personalization, all while being optimized for consumer hardware.
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